E cigarettes may be more effective than nicotine patches in helping pregnant women who smoke quit, and are just as safe Queen Mary University of London Nicotine Patch: Package Insert Prescribing Information Nicotine patches and e cigarettes in pregnancy: A deep dive into risks and outcomes Effectiveness and safety of nicotine patches combined with e cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial BMJ Open